Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: A Thalamic-Fronto-Parietal Structural Covariance Network Emerging in the Course of Recovery from Hand Paresis after Ischemic Stroke

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00211

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spatial topography of longitudinal structural covariance network correlating with hand function recovery . (A) shows the six largest clusters of supra-threshold voxels for the second principal component (PC2 TBM ) projected onto a standard three dimensional brain and onto a cytoarchitectonic atlas (cluster 3+) in MNI space. Clusters are labeled according to their (positive or negative) correlation with gray matter volume expansion in the medio-dorsal thalamus. The threshold for positive clusters corresponds to the first percentile of voxel values (absolute value 0.0064), the threshold for the negative cluster to the ninety-ninth percentile (absolute value 0.0095). (B) shows the spatial relationship between the covariance network clusters and lesion maps of patient subgroups. Color-coded contours define areas with ≥20% lesion probability in each subgroup. Size, localization, cytoarchitectonic assignment, and functional correlates of the individual clusters are summarized in Table .

Article Snippet: These clusters were localized using the Jülich cytoarchitectonic probabilistic atlas (SPM Anatomy toolbox, Version 1.8, made available through the Human Brain Mapping division at the Forschungszentrum Jülich at http://www.fz-juelich.de/inm/inm-1/DE/Forschung/_docs/SPMAnatomyToolbox/SPMAnatomyToolbox_node.html ).

Techniques: Labeling, Functional Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Neurology

Article Title: A Thalamic-Fronto-Parietal Structural Covariance Network Emerging in the Course of Recovery from Hand Paresis after Ischemic Stroke

doi: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00211

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clusters of the longitudinal structural covariance network (PC2 TBM ) related to hand function recovery: size, localization, cytoarchitectonic assignment, and functional correlates .

Article Snippet: These clusters were localized using the Jülich cytoarchitectonic probabilistic atlas (SPM Anatomy toolbox, Version 1.8, made available through the Human Brain Mapping division at the Forschungszentrum Jülich at http://www.fz-juelich.de/inm/inm-1/DE/Forschung/_docs/SPMAnatomyToolbox/SPMAnatomyToolbox_node.html ).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Transformation Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Exploring the Functional Heterogeneity of Directly Reprogrammed Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons via Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

doi: 10.3390/cells12242818

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differentiation of iNSCs into neurons and functional assessment of neurons. ( A ) Schematic diagram of differentiation of induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) into neurons. Representative phase contrast images of cells during differentiation are shown in the lower panel. Scale bars = 200 µm. ( B ) Immunostaining of neurons for specific marker proteins: tubulin beta-3 ( Tuj1 ) and microtubule-associated protein 2 ( MAP2 ). Three independent samples per experiment. Scale bar = 100 µm. ( C ) Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of the action potentials in iNSC-derived neurons. Spontaneous action potentials were not detected (ND) in nAP Neurons but were observed in AP Neurons. AP Neurons showed a typical action potential firing trace. ( D ) Electrically stimulated action potentials in AP Neurons.

Article Snippet: For the immunostaining of differentiated neurons, the cells were incubated with primary antibodies against Tuj1 (tubulin beta-3, 1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2, 1:200, Osenses Adelaide, SA, Australia).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Immunostaining, Marker, Patch Clamp, Derivative Assay

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Exploring the Functional Heterogeneity of Directly Reprogrammed Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons via Single-Cell RNA Sequencing

doi: 10.3390/cells12242818

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pseudotime analysis of the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to iNSCs and subsequent differentiation into neurons. ( A ) Projected UMAP being clustered by cell type-specific gene expression: fibroblast (red), iPSCs (green), iNSCs (blue), and neurons (purple). ( B ) The population of neurons gradually increased throughout the differentiation process. ( C ) Glial cell markers, such as AIF1 (microglia), GFAP (astrocytes), and Olig2 (oligodendrocytes), were rarely observed across all 10 clusters after direct reprogramming and differentiation. Numbers on the plots indicate clusters. ( D ) Pseudotime trajectory depicting the successful direct reprogramming of fibroblast into iNSCs and further differentiation into neurons. Arrows indicate the overall direction of cell differentiation based on pseudotime. ( E ) The expression level of PAX6, an iNSC-specific marker, was highly increased at the pseudotime of the direct reprogramming process for iNSCs and decreased while reaching the neuron-annotated regions. The expression of MAP2, a neuron-specific marker, was increased throughout the differentiation process into neurons.

Article Snippet: For the immunostaining of differentiated neurons, the cells were incubated with primary antibodies against Tuj1 (tubulin beta-3, 1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) and MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2, 1:200, Osenses Adelaide, SA, Australia).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Cell Differentiation, Expressing, Marker